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Items Chemical ClO2 generator Electrolysis ClO2 generator Principle Chemical reaction produce high purity of ClO2 Electrolyze Sodium chloride and water produce ClO2, Cl2 mixed disinfectant Reaction equation 5NaClO2+4HCl=4ClO2+ 5NaCl+2H2O NaCl+H2O=NaOH+ClO2+H2↑or 2NaClO2+2H2O=2NaOH+2ClO2+H2↑ Cost of investment Raw material Sodium chlorite, HCl (Hydrochloric acid) Sodium chloride, or sodium chlorite Generator components Chemicals storage tank, metering pumps Reactor Dosing device Electric control apparatus Electrolytic cell DC supply Sodium chlorite dissolving and storage tank Wearing parts Long life√ Short life for electrodes and often need maintenance and replacement. Electrode is easy to be damaged and maintenance cost is high. Advantages & disadvantages Raw materials Expensive Cheap and easy to get in the market.√ but contain more impurities which will cause large byproducts, low current efficient Structure Simple in structure√ Complexity in structure Convenience Easy in installation, operation and maintenance√ Complexity in installation, operation and maintenance Volume Occupy a smaller area. Occupy a larger area and easy to erode to operation room Security Safe and reliable√ Electrode discharge will cause electrolytic cell burst Consumption Low power consumption High power consumption, high salt consumption Capacity High almost the same as chlorine gas, and lower than chlorine dioxide Application Apply to small, medium, large-scale use of occasion Apply to small-scale use of occasion

Disinfection power is independent of pH. High residual effect thanks to long-term stability in the pipeline system, thus microbiological protection for many hours to days Reduction of the biofilm in pipelines and tanks, hence reliable protection of entire water systems against legionella contamination. No reaction with ammonia or ammonium, thus full disinfection power of chlorine dioxide. No formation of chorophenols and other intense odour compounds which can be produced in water chlorination. No formation of THMs and other chlorinated hydrocarbons, no increase in the AOX value.

Name Item Chlorine Dioxide (ClO2) Sodium Hypochlorite/ Calcium Hypchlorite Ozone Phenol Efficacy High Moderate High High Microbial Range Broad spectrum effective against all bacteria, viruses, mold, fungi, and algae, including spore-formers like Giardia and Cryptosporidium Relatively ineffective against most viruses, molds, fungi and spore-formers Broad spectrum effective against all types of microorganisms, including spore-forming types Effective against most Microorganisms except certain spore-formers such as Giardia Contact Time Few seconds to few minutes Usually minutes to hours Seconds to minutes Minutes to an hour or more depending on target organism Concen-tration 0.1 ppm - 100 ppm 1000 ppm to % range 0.1 ppm - 10 ppm 100 ppm to % range PH Neutral Alkaline Neutral Mildly acidic to neutral Corrosiveness Negligible at use concentration Corrosive to iron and aluminum products May be marginally corrosive to iron and some grades of stainless steel at Higher concentrations Higher concentrations tend to be more acidic and cause corrosion to iron and certain grades of stainless steel Toxicity Negligible at use concentration. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations can produce skin and respiratory irritation Alkaline compounded products are highly corrosive to tissues. They may produce chlorinated by-products such as chloroform, etc Probably negligible at use concentrations Extremely toxic. Chronic exposure can lead to kidney, liver and neurological damage. Highly regulated by OSHA Bio-degradable High for reactive chemicals and typical byproducts Moderate for bleach itself. Low for chlorinated by-products High Relatively low Other Applications Drinking and wastewater disinfection, deodorization and chemical oxidation Deodorizer and wastewater treatment. Restricted applications in drinking water sanitation Primarily used for drinking water and wastewater disinfection with some chemical oxidation applications Use limited to surface sanitizers and as an active ingredient in sanitizer lubricant formulations Cost Moderate Low Very high Moderately high Other Comments Does not form chlorinated by-products, e.g. chloroform, chlorophenois, or trichloromethane Shelf life and stability are poor. Odor and baleaching effects can be a problem Powerful chemical oxidant and biocide. Highly reactive, affording no residual protection Phenol is also a Class 1 RCRA hazardous waste which must be disposed of by incineration

DO: Know the size of your pool It's important to determine the size and gallon measurements of your pool when determining which type of chlorine generating system is best for your pool. Although there are several types and sizes of chlorine generators on the market, not all them work efficiently in all types of pools. Remember, one of the goals is to save you time and money. If you purchase a chlorine generator that is wrong for your pool, you accomplish neither. DO: Compare the costs of pool maintenance to the costs of chlorine generators Determine how much money you spend on pool maintenance each year, and compare that to the cost of the chlorine generator you are thinking of installing. Remember that for most types of systems there are also installation costs. Also, estimate the costs of running the generator. If the cost of purchasing, installing and running the chlorine generator is more than you're currently spending on maintenance, consider a different system. DON'T: Install a brine chlorine generator If possible, steer clear brine chlorine generators. Although these types of generators are initially appealing, they often cost more to maintain and require as much effort as regular pool maintenance in upkeep. DON'T: Purchase a chlorine generator that does not constantly circulate water in your pool Generators that circulate water constantly maintain the best chemical balances and are the least amount of work for you. While other models that turn on and off with the pool pump are probably efficient, you still must maintain them, turn the pump on and off and monitor them. Purchasing a swimming pool chlorine dioxide generator is great economical move that also decreases maintenance as long as you know the right type of generator to buy and purchase one that is the size for your pool. Once you convert your pool to a saltwater pool, maintaining your pool is much less of a hassle.

1.Measure .5 mg to 2 mg of chlorine dioxide powder, liquid or tablets onto a metric scale. Any amount between this range is acceptable, but remember that chlorine dioxide is a stomach irritant. A dosage closer to the low end of the scale should be used if you're using chlorine dioxide for the first time. Your body will eventually build a tolerance. 2.Add the measured chlorine dioxide to 1 liter of water. Measure this water using a measuring cup or fill a container that is clearly labeled as 1 liter. 3.Place the water in a cool, dry spot and leave it undisturbed for 30 minutes. The passage of time allows the chlorine dioxide to interact with the water and kill harmful microscopic organisms. 4.Add water to the mixture to lower the concentration of chlorine dioxide somewhere between .2 mg and .4 mg per liter. The chlorite byproduct will continue killing harmful organisms while the concentration of chlorine dioxide is lowered to an amount safe for consumption.

Bleaching Chlorine dioxide is sometimes used for bleaching of wood pulp in combination with chlorine, but it is used alone in ECF (elemental chlorine-free) bleaching sequences. It is used at moderately acidic pH (3.5 to 6). The use of chlorine dioxide minimizes the amount of organochlorine compounds produced.Chlorine dioxide (ECF technology) currently is the most important bleaching method worldwide. About 95% of all bleached Kraft pulp is made using chlorine dioxide in ECF bleaching sequences.Chlorine dioxide is also used for the bleaching of flour. Water chlorination The Niagara Falls, New York, water treatment plant first used chlorine dioxide for drinking water treatment in 1944 for phenol destruction.Chlorine dioxide was introduced as a drinking water disinfectant on a large scale in 1956, when Brussels, Belgium, changed from chlorine to chlorine dioxide.Its most common use in water treatment is as a pre-oxidant prior to chlorination of drinking water to destroy natural water impurities that would otherwise produce trihalomethanes on exposure to free chlorine.Trihalomethanes are suspect carcinogenic disinfection by-products associated with chlorination of naturally occurring organics in the raw water.Chlorine dioxide is also superior to chlorine when operating above pH 7,in the presence of ammonia and amines[citation needed] and/or for the control of biofilms in water distribution systems. Chlorine dioxide is used in many industrial water treatment applications as a biocide including cooling towers, process water, and food processing. Chlorine dioxide is less corrosive than chlorine and superior for the control of legionella bacteria.Chlorine dioxide is superior to some other secondary water disinfection methods in that chlorine dioxide: 1) is an EPA registered biocide, 2) is not negatively impacted by pH, 3) does not lose efficacy over time (the bacteria will not grow resistant to it) and 4) is not negatively impacted by silica and phosphate, which are commonly used potable water corrosion inhibitors. It is more effective as a disinfectant than chlorine in most circumstances against waterborne pathogenic microbes such as viruses[clarify], bacteria and protozoa – including the cysts of Giardia and the oocysts of Cryptosporidium. The use of chlorine dioxide in water treatment leads to the formation of the by-product chlorite, which is currently limited to a maximum of 1 ppm in drinking water in the USA.:4–33 This EPA standard limits the use of chlorine dioxide in the USA to relatively high-quality water[why?], or water that is to be treated with iron-based coagulants (iron can reduce chlorite to chloride).[citation needed] Chlorine dioxide has many applications as an oxidizer or disinfectant. Chlorine dioxide can be used for air disinfection[24] and was the principal agent used in the decontamination of buildings in the United States after the 2001 anthrax attacks. After the disaster of Hurricane Katrina in New Orleans, Louisiana, and the surrounding Gulf Coast, chlorine dioxide has been used to eradicate dangerous mold from houses inundated by the flood water.Because of its unique qualities, chlorine dioxide is an effective disinfectant even at low concentrations. Article From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorine_dioxide#Uses

The latest national standards of chlorine dioxide generator has enabled

The 2013 National Conference of chlorine dioxide and water treatment was successfully concluded.

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