|
Name Item |
Chlorine Dioxide (ClO2) |
Sodium Hypochlorite/ Calcium Hypchlorite |
Ozone |
Phenol |
|
Efficacy |
High |
Moderate |
High |
High |
|
Microbial Range |
Broad spectrum effective against all bacteria, viruses, mold, fungi, and algae, including spore-formers like Giardia and Cryptosporidium |
Relatively ineffective against most viruses, molds, fungi and spore-formers |
Broad spectrum effective against all types of microorganisms, including spore-forming types |
Effective against most Microorganisms except certain spore-formers such as Giardia |
|
Contact Time |
Few seconds to few minutes |
Usually minutes to hours |
Seconds to minutes |
Minutes to an hour or more depending on target organism |
|
Concen-tration |
0.1 ppm - 100 ppm |
1000 ppm to % range |
0.1 ppm - 10 ppm |
100 ppm to % range |
|
PH |
Neutral |
Alkaline |
Neutral |
Mildly acidic to neutral |
|
Corrosiveness |
Negligible at use concentration |
Corrosive to iron and aluminum products |
May be marginally corrosive to iron and some grades of stainless steel at Higher concentrations |
Higher concentrations tend to be more acidic and cause corrosion to iron and certain grades of stainless steel |
|
Toxicity |
Negligible at use concentration. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations can produce skin and respiratory irritation |
Alkaline compounded products are highly corrosive to tissues. They may produce chlorinated by-products such as chloroform, etc |
Probably negligible at use concentrations |
Extremely toxic. Chronic exposure can lead to kidney, liver and neurological damage. Highly regulated by OSHA |
|
Bio-degradable |
High for reactive chemicals and typical byproducts |
Moderate for bleach itself. Low for chlorinated by-products |
High |
Relatively low |
|
Other Applications |
Drinking and wastewater disinfection, deodorization and chemical oxidation |
Deodorizer and wastewater treatment. Restricted applications in drinking water sanitation |
Primarily used for drinking water and wastewater disinfection with some chemical oxidation applications |
Use limited to surface sanitizers and as an active ingredient in sanitizer lubricant formulations |
|
Cost |
Moderate |
Low |
Very high |
Moderately high |
|
Other Comments |
Does not form chlorinated by-products, e.g. chloroform, chlorophenois, or trichloromethane |
Shelf life and stability are poor. Odor and baleaching effects can be a problem |
Powerful chemical oxidant and biocide. Highly reactive, affording no residual protection |
Phenol is also a Class 1 RCRA hazardous waste which must be disposed of by incineration |
